The dream of a cozy evening by a blazing fire in the open air - many city dwellers wish for this little break from everyday life. A fire bowl on the balcony or roof terrace promises a campfire atmosphere in the middle of the city. But before you gather wood and get out the matches, you should take a look at the legal situation. There are a few things to bear in mind if you don't want to risk getting into trouble with neighbors, landlords or even the authorities.
Table of contents
The legal basis for fire bowls
Fire bowls on balconies and roof terraces - the specific legal situation
Safety aspects and liability risks
Alternatives to the classic fire bowl
Where can you use a fire bowl without hesitation?
Conclusion: Can I now use a fire bowl?
The legal basis for fire bowls
When it comes to the question of whether fire bowls are permitted, we first need to take a look at the basic legal regulations. In Germany, the use of outdoor fires is governed by various regulations, which can vary from state to state and even from municipality to municipality.
The Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) plays a central role here. It regulates which emissions are permitted and which materials may be incinerated at all. The most important rule right from the start: Only untreated dry wood or wood briquettes may be used in a fire bowl. Burning garden waste, treated wood (painted, coated), paper or even household waste is strictly prohibited. The use of fire accelerants such as alcohol or petrol is also prohibited - not only for legal reasons, but also for safety reasons.
Another important point: the size of the fire bowl plays a decisive role. Fire bowls with a diameter of less than one meter are considered to be so-called "cozy or warm fires" and are generally not subject to approval. Anything larger than this requires a permit from the local public order office.
In addition to these nationwide regulations, cities and municipalities can issue their own, often stricter, regulations. In some municipalities, for example, the use of fire bowls in certain residential areas is generally prohibited or limited in time. Temporary bans can also be issued in the event of drought and an increased risk of forest fires.
If you want to use a fire bowl in your own garden, you must maintain certain minimum distances:
- 5-10 meters from buildings and flammable objects
- 10 meters from neighbouring properties
- 50 meters from public paths and squares
- 100 meters from forests or large stands of trees
These distances already give an initial indication of why fire bowls on balconies can be problematic - but more on that in a moment.
Fire bowls on balconies and roof terraces - the specific legal situation
Let's get to the key question: Are you allowed to set up a fire bowl on your balcony or roof terrace? The sobering answer first: in the vast majority of cases, the answer is no.
The legal situation is relatively clear. According to a ruling by the Potsdam district court (case number 24 C 406/10), the use of a fire bowl on the balcony is generally prohibited. The reasoning is obvious: the above-mentioned safety distances simply cannot be maintained on an average balcony. A balcony with a distance of 10 meters to all neighbors? Hard to imagine in urban reality.
What's more, balconies often have wooden floorboards or other flammable materials. Furniture, plants, parasols or awnings pose additional fire risks. The danger of flying sparks should not be underestimated - a single spark can be enough to start a fire that can quickly spread to other apartments.
With roof terraces, the situation only looks better at first glance. Although they often offer more space than balconies, the same safety concerns apply here too - and new ones are added. The elevated position increases the risk of wind, which can carry sparks a long way. Roof constructions are also particularly susceptible to fire. In the worst-case scenario, a fire on a roof terrace could endanger the entire building and make fire-fighting work more difficult.
For tenants, there is another decisive factor: the tenancy agreement and the house rules. Many tenancy agreements already contain explicit bans on open fires on balconies and terraces. Even if this is not mentioned directly, the following applies: if the contract contains a ban on barbecues, this usually also applies to fire bowls, as there are similar risks.
A practical tip: take a close look at your tenancy agreement and the house rules. If you are unsure, ask your landlord or property manager directly. Written permission is the only legally secure basis - although even then the general safety regulations must be observed.
In the case of condominiums with a roof terrace, you also need to clarify whether the terrace is purely a separate property or partly a communal property. In the latter case, you will need the consent of the community of owners before you are allowed to use a fire bowl.
Safety aspects and liability risks
Regardless of the legal situation, you should be aware of the considerable safety risks and possible liability issues associated with a fire bowl on a balcony or roof terrace.
The risk of fire from fire bowls should not be underestimated. Open fires develop temperatures of several hundred degrees, which can quickly ignite surrounding materials. This is particularly critical on a balcony with limited space. Wooden floors can be damaged by the radiating heat, even if there is no direct contact. Flying sparks are another source of danger - especially in windy conditions, glowing particles can be carried several meters away and cause fires.
One aspect that is often overlooked is the development of smoke. Even dry wood produces smoke that can drift into your own or neighboring homes. This can lead not only to nuisance but also to serious health problems for neighbors with respiratory diseases. Such nuisances can have legal consequences, as everyone has the right to live in their home without unreasonable nuisance.
The liability issue in the event of damage is clear: if your fire bowl causes a fire or other damage, you are fully liable. The potential financial consequences are considerable:
- Damage to buildings can quickly run into the tens of thousands
- In the event of personal injury, there is also the threat of claims for damages for pain and suffering
- Insurance companies can refuse cover if you have breached regulations
An example: A spark from your fire bowl ignites the neighbor's awning and the fire spreads to the façade. The restoration costs can easily run into five figures - a risk that you would have to bear personally.
If you want to use a fire bowl despite all your concerns, take the following safety measures:
- Inform your liability insurance company and clarify whether damage caused by fire bowls is covered
- Provide sufficient extinguishing agents (water bucket, fire extinguisher, fire blanket)
- Place the fire bowl on a fireproof surface with sufficient distance to flammable materials
- Never leave the fire unattended
- Do not use it at all in windy or dry conditions
- Only use the permitted fuels in small quantities
Alternatives to the classic fire bowl
In view of the legal and safety concerns, the question arises: Are there alternatives that create a similar atmosphere but are less problematic? The good news: yes, there are!
Bioethanol table fires are one of the most popular alternatives. These small fireplaces are powered by bioethanol, a fuel that burns virtually smoke-free. Only heat and water vapor are produced during combustion, no disturbing clouds of smoke or odors. The flames are smaller and more controllable than with a classic fire bowl, and the appliances take up little space. Legally, they are generally harmless and can also be used on balconies - as long as basic safety rules are observed and the rental agreement does not stipulate otherwise.
Glass fires, where the flame burns in a glass housing, are a good example. This offers additional protection against accidental contact and flying sparks. The light reflections in the glass also enhance the cozy atmosphere. Prices for simple models start at around 30-40 euros, but higher-quality models can also be significantly more expensive.
Gas-powered patio heaters or mushroom heaters are another alternative that provides more warmth. These appliances run on propane or butane gas and produce a controlled flame without smoke or flying sparks. They are relatively safe to use and in many cases are also permitted on balconies - however, you should check your tenancy agreement here too, as some landlords impose restrictions for environmental reasons.
Electric radiant heaters are probably the safest option. They do not produce open flames or smoke and are therefore usually legally harmless. Modern infrared radiant heaters are energy-efficient and emit a pleasant warmth. What they lack in "campfire feeling", they make up for in absolute safety. Combined with cozy lighting (such as LED fairy lights or solar lanterns), they can still create a lovely atmosphere.
For those who don't want to miss out on the visual experience of a fire, there are now also electric fire simulators - from simple models with LED flame effects to high-quality devices with realistic 3D flames and even crackling noises. These can create an amazingly authentic atmosphere without any risk.
Where can you safely use a fire bowl?
Now that we have dealt in detail with the legal restrictions on balconies and roof terraces, the question naturally arises: where can you safely enjoy a high-quality fire bowl? Fortunately, there are several places where you can use your fire bowl legally and safely.
In your own garden
Your own garden is the classic and probably most popular place for a fire bowl. There are far fewer restrictions here than on balconies or roof terraces, provided you can maintain the basic safety distances:
- At least 5-10 meters from buildings and flammable materials
- At least 10 meters from neighbors' property lines
- At least 100 meters from forests (depending on municipal regulations)
A fireproof base such as stone, gravel or sand is particularly important. The lawn is unsuitable as a base, as the heat can damage the soil and there is a risk of fire in dry weather.
An additional tip for garden owners: Create a permanent place for your fire bowl - such as a small area with gravel or stone slabs. This not only increases safety, but also enhances the appearance of the garden and creates a cozy meeting place.
In official barbecue areas
Many parks, leisure facilities and local recreation areas have designated barbecue and fire areas. These are specially set up for the use of fire bowls and barbecues and often offer:
- Fireproof surfaces or existing fire pits
- Sufficient distance from trees and buildings
- Sometimes even seating and wood supplies
- Nearby water points for safe extinguishing
Before you set up your fire bowl there, you should find out about the specific rules of the respective site. Some sites only allow the use of permanently installed fire pits, while others also allow you to bring your own fire bowls.
For camping and outdoor activities
The use of fire bowls is also permitted at many campsites - often even expressly desired, as they are part of the typical camping experience. There are usually clear rules here:
- Use only within specified times (often until 10 or 11 pm)
- Use on the designated pitches
- Use of clean, untreated wood
- Extinguish completely before going to bed
A compact, portable fire bowl such as the Petromax Tyropit is ideal for such purposes, as it is easy to transport and set up and is also very durable.
With friends with a suitable plot of land
Not everyone is lucky enough to have their own garden. But perhaps you have friends or relatives with a suitable plot of land? Sharing a fire can be a wonderful social experience - and the cost of wood and accessories can be shared.
Legal information for use in public spaces
The use of fire bowls in public areas outside of designated barbecue and fire areas is prohibited in most regions of Germany. Violations can result in fines, which can vary depending on the federal state.
As a general rule, you may only use fire bowls in public areas in specially designated areas. This regulation serves to protect nature and the safety of all citizens. The regulations are strictly enforced, especially near forests and where there is an increased risk of forest fires.
Conclusion: The right balance between enjoyment and responsibility
In summary, it can be said that using a classic fire bowl on a balcony or roof terrace is in most cases legally problematic and associated with considerable safety risks. However, this does not mean that you have to do without the cozy experience of an open fire.
Safe alternatives such as bioethanol table fires or electric heating solutions are recommended for balconies and roof terraces. If you want to enjoy the authentic experience of a real fire bowl, you will find suitable options in your own garden, at official barbecue sites or when camping.
Our checklist summarizes the most important points:
- Check local regulations before using a fire bowl
- Choose a suitable, safe location with sufficient spacing
- Only use permitted fuels (dry, untreated wood)
- Always have extinguishing agents ready
- Inform and respect your neighbors
- Never leave the fire unattended
- For balconies and roof terraces: Use safe alternatives
Ultimately , with the right planning and by following the safety rules, a high-quality fire bowl can make for unforgettable evenings - whether in your own garden, when camping or at designated fire pits. Enjoy the warmth, the fascinating play of flames and the cozy atmosphere - but always with responsibility and respect for the legal regulations.
